# Veriport

> Veriport is the EU counterparty check and compliant e-invoices as a REST API for finance and tax developers (VAT number, French company, IBAN, every answer dated and sourced so it can be kept as evidence; XRechnung, ZUGFeRD / Factur-X and Peppol BIS e-invoices created and checked against the official rules; EU VAT rates), operated by Janolab Studio LLC (Austin, Texas; functions and database in Paris, EU). Endpoints: EU VAT number validation on top of the European Commission's VIES service (REST, SOAP fallback, structural pre-check, a 30-day cache served and marked stale when a member state is down, consultation numbers on paid tiers); EU VAT rates for the 27 member states with category hints from a dated, sourced table (verified 2026-10-24); an OSS return validator (lines only; dispatch-country breakdown not implemented) from a sales export (CSV or JSON), validated against that table, with a labelled generic CSV file (25 calls a return; send an Idempotency-Key header and a retry replays the stored answer for 24 hours without being charged again); IBAN validation (mod 97-10, country length, BBAN pattern from the SWIFT IBAN Registry, SEPA flag); French company data by SIREN/SIRET from the open Recherche d'entreprises API and the INSEE Sirene API, cached, with source and fetchedOn; US sales-tax rates by ZIP from public data (state rates for 50 states + DC, ZIP-level combined averages for OH and WA; coverage stated per answer; no address-level assignment); compliant e-invoices: POST /einvoice/create writes XRechnung 3.0 (UBL, CII), ZUGFeRD 2.x / Factur-X EN 16931 (PDF/A-3) and Peppol BIS Billing 3.0 from one JSON model and checks the file against the XML schema and the official CEN, XRechnung and Peppol rules before returning it (20 calls; every input field is written or refused with 422 einvoice_unsupported naming it), POST /einvoice/validate checks any e-invoice against those rules (5 calls, anonymous allowed), POST /einvoice/parse reads one back into JSON or a readable PDF (5 calls); no invoice is sent on a network or stored. Free tier: 100 calls a month with a key, 20 a day without. Paid: $9 for 2,000 calls, $29 for 10,000 (12 months), $15 a month for 5,000 with bulk. Fair use; public availability record. Stripe is the merchant of record. Not affiliated with the Commission, SWIFT, INSEE, INPI, KoSIT, OpenPeppol or any tax administration; not a Peppol access point. Janolab Studio LLC makes software. It is not a law firm, an accounting firm or a tax, financial or legal adviser. Answers come from public registries and checksums; you check the result, make the decision (the tax treatment of a supply, the acceptance of a VAT number or an IBAN) and remain responsible for how you use it.

Last updated: 2026-10-30. Publisher: Janolab Studio LLC, 10503 Wendts Way, Austin, TX 78750-1731, United States. Contact: hello@veriport.io.

Prices and limits (USD, tax included, sold by the merchant of record):
- Anonymous: 20 calls a day per address, 1 request a second.
- Free key: 100 calls a month, 2 requests a second, no card, no expiry.
- Credit packs: $9 for 2,000 calls, $29 for 10,000, valid 12 months, 5 requests a second, consultation numbers.
- Monthly plan: $15 for 5,000 calls, bulk endpoints (100 items a request), 10 requests a second. Fair use on every tier: no availability percentage is sold; the availability record is public on the status page and /api/v1/status, and incidents are dated there.
- A created e-invoice weighs 20 calls, an e-invoice check or reading 5, an OSS return 25; every other answered call weighs one; errors and refusals are never counted. Refunds: A credit pack none of whose calls were used is refunded in full on request within 14 days of purchase. A monthly plan cancelled within 14 days of its first charge is refunded pro rata to the unused days; after that, cancelling stops the renewal at the end of the paid month.

Facts:
- Base URL https://veriport.io/api/v1; authentication `Authorization: Bearer vp_live_…`; every error is an RFC 9457 problem document whose type links to https://veriport.io/docs/errors.
- OpenAPI 3.1 document: https://veriport.io/openapi.json. Answers are deterministic; no language model decides a value.
- A VIES answer states its provenance: `source.kind` is `live`, `cache` or `structure_only`; `source.stale` is true whenever VIES did not answer during the request.
- VIES availability by member state, measured: https://veriport.io/vies-status (live table, 24-hour and 30-day record, episodes; CSV at https://veriport.io/vies-status/availability.csv, Atom feed of episodes at https://veriport.io/vies-status/atom.xml, both free and unmetered).
- Support: hello@veriport.io. Status: https://veriport.io/status. Changelog: https://veriport.io/changelog (Atom feed https://veriport.io/changelog/atom.xml). Maintainer and method: https://veriport.io/about, https://veriport.io/methodology/vat-rates.
- Every page below has a Markdown twin at its path plus `.md` (for example https://veriport.io/docs/errors.md); the home is https://veriport.io/index.md.

## Pages
- [The EU counterparty check and compliant e-invoices, by API](https://veriport.io/): Check an EU counterparty by API (VAT number on VIES, French company, IBAN) and create compliant XRechnung, ZUGFeRD and Peppol e-invoices, checked by the rules.
- [Pricing](https://veriport.io/pricing): Free 100 calls a month without a card; $9 for 2,000 calls, $29 for 10,000, or $15 a month for 5,000 with bulk. Tax included, sold by Stripe.
- [Roadmap](https://veriport.io/roadmap): Shipped on 2026-10-24: OSS return lines, French company data, US sales-tax rates by ZIP. Planned: BIC lookup, more ZIP-level states, portal-format OSS files.
- [Changelog](https://veriport.io/changelog): Every change to the Veriport API, its VAT rates table, its IBAN registry, its limits and its prices, dated, newest first, with what it means for your calls.
- [Status](https://veriport.io/status): Self-reported status of the Veriport API components and the live VIES availability of each EU member state, with incidents and what a degraded state means.
- [Contact](https://veriport.io/contact): Write to hello@veriport.io for API support, a purchase order above $500, a missing country or a data correction. Every message gets a written answer.
- [Get a free API key](https://veriport.io/signup): Sign up with an e-mail, confirm it and get a Veriport API key: 100 calls a month on every endpoint, no card, no expiry. The key is shown once and stored hashed.
- [Terms of service](https://veriport.io/legal/terms): The terms of the Veriport API, operated by Janolab Studio LLC: the service, keys, free and paid tiers through the merchant of record, refunds, use, liability.
- [Privacy](https://veriport.io/legal/privacy): What the API processes and keeps: an e-mail per key, hashed addresses, VAT numbers cached up to 30 days, usage counts; IBANs and sales rows never stored.
- [Legal notice](https://veriport.io/legal/notice): Veriport is published by Janolab Studio LLC, Austin, Texas, United States. Contact, hosting in the EU, the merchant of record for payments and trademarks.
- [Is VIES down? VIES availability by member state, last 24 hours and 30 days](https://veriport.io/vies-status): Live VIES availability per EU member state from the Commission’s check-status endpoint, recorded over 24 h and 30 days, with each VIES error code explained.
- [Documentation](https://veriport.io/docs): The quick start, each endpoint’s reference generated from the OpenAPI 3.1 document (e-invoices included), authentication, errors, rate limits, guides.
- [Guides](https://veriport.io/guides): Answers to the questions behind the calls: validating when VIES is down, VAT rates on digital services, the OSS rule, French registry APIs, the IBAN check.
- [Free tools](https://veriport.io/tools): Free checks on the public API, no account: an EU VAT number on VIES, an IBAN, a state’s VAT rates, an XRechnung, Factur-X or Peppol e-invoice, and a viewer.
- [Quick start](https://veriport.io/docs/quickstart): Validate an EU VAT number, read a VAT rate or check an IBAN with one curl call: no key for 20 calls a day, then a free key for 100 calls a month, no card.
- [Authentication and keys](https://veriport.io/docs/authentication): Bearer keys are shown once after sign-up and stored hashed. What the anonymous, free, prepaid-credit and monthly-plan tiers may call, and how to rotate a key.
- [Errors](https://veriport.io/docs/errors): Every error is an RFC 9457 problem document with a stable code: invalid_parameter, quota_exceeded, rate_limited, vies_unavailable and more, with the fix.
- [Rate limits and quotas](https://veriport.io/docs/rate-limits): Per-second limits per key (free 2, plan 10), the monthly allowance, prepaid credits used after it, and the RateLimit headers that say where you stand.
- [Availability record](https://veriport.io/docs/sla): No availability percentage is sold on any tier: the record is public on the status page and /api/v1/status with dated incidents; here is what it holds and why.
- [OSS return validator (lines only; dispatch-country breakdown not implemented)](https://veriport.io/docs/oss-return-file): Send the quarter's B2C sales as CSV or JSON; get the OSS or IOSS return lines per member state and rate, checked against a dated rates table, with totals.
- [French company data from a SIREN or SIRET](https://veriport.io/docs/french-company-data): SIREN, SIRET or French VAT number to legal form, NAF code, address, headcount band, status and officers, from the open French registries, with source and date.
- [US sales-tax rates by ZIP: what is covered, per state](https://veriport.io/docs/us-sales-tax-coverage): State rates for the 50 states and DC, combined averages per ZIP where a state publishes an open ZIP file (OH, WA), coverage stated per answer.
- [EU VAT number validation](https://veriport.io/docs/vat-validation): GET /vat/validate and the bulk endpoint: parameters, response fields, the live or cached source of each answer, consultation numbers, errors and limits.
- [EU VAT rates](https://veriport.io/docs/vat-rates): GET /vat/rates and /vat/rates/{country}: standard, reduced, super-reduced and parking rates, category hints, and verifiedOn and the sources of each row.
- [OSS / IOSS return](https://veriport.io/docs/oss-return): POST /vat/oss/return: JSON or CSV sales rows in, return lines per member state and rate out (no dispatch-country breakdown), checks, CSV, Idempotency-Key.
- [IBAN validation](https://veriport.io/docs/iban-validation): GET /iban/validate and the bulk endpoint: country, length, mod 97-10 check digits, BBAN pattern, bank and branch identifiers, SEPA flag, failures.
- [French company registry](https://veriport.io/docs/fr-company): GET /fr/company/{id} and the bulk endpoint: SIREN, SIRET or VAT number in, a normalised record from the French registries out, cache and errors.
- [US sales-tax rates](https://veriport.io/docs/us-sales-tax): GET /us/sales-tax?zip=: the state rate and, where the state publishes one, the combined ZIP average with min and max; coverage field, sources, errors.
- [E-invoices: create, validate, parse](https://veriport.io/docs/einvoice): POST /einvoice/create, /validate and /parse: the invoice JSON schema, XRechnung, ZUGFeRD and Peppol output, the validation report, refusals and costs.
- [Account: key and usage](https://veriport.io/docs/account): GET /me: the tier of your key, calls used this month, the allowance left, prepaid credits and their expiry, the plan state and your per-second limit.
- [Status endpoint](https://veriport.io/docs/status): GET /status: the state of each API component and the availability of VIES for each EU member state, as the status page shows it, cached five minutes.
- [The VIES API: REST vs SOAP, the error codes and the limits](https://veriport.io/guides/vies-api-check-eu-vat-number): The European Commission’s VIES API is free and needs no key: REST and SOAP compared, the fields, every error code, the limits, and what to build around it.
- [VIES is down: how to validate an EU VAT number anyway](https://veriport.io/guides/vies-down-validate-eu-vat-number-anyway): What MS_UNAVAILABLE, SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE and TIMEOUT mean, why member states go dark, and the four-step fallback that keeps a checkout or an invoice run going.
- [EU VAT rates for digital services by country](https://veriport.io/guides/eu-vat-rates-digital-services-by-country): The VAT rate on SaaS, downloads and streaming in the 27 member states, the e-book exceptions and the OSS rule that picks the rate. Verified 2026-10-24.
- [Validate EU VAT numbers in Node, Python and PHP](https://veriport.io/guides/validate-eu-vat-number-node-python-php): Copy-paste functions for Node.js, Python and PHP that validate an EU VAT number on VIES in one REST call, handle a VIES outage and read the consultation number.
- [Validate an IBAN: the mod-97 check explained](https://veriport.io/guides/validate-iban-mod-97-check-explained): How an IBAN is built, how the ISO 7064 mod 97-10 check works step by step on a real IBAN, what it catches and misses, and why the BBAN pattern matters too.
- [Which VAT rate for OSS: the consumption-country rule](https://veriport.io/guides/which-vat-rate-for-oss-consumption-country-rule): Since July 2021, EU B2C distance sales and digital services are taxed at the customer’s country rate. How to pick it per sale and the €10,000 threshold.
- [API Sirene: what the free government API gives you, and what it does not](https://veriport.io/guides/api-sirene-what-the-free-government-api-gives-you): INSEE’s Sirene API and the open Recherche d’entreprises API are free. What each returns, their limits (30 a minute, 7 a second) and what neither gives you.
- [Validate EU VAT numbers in bulk from a CSV: the loop, the pacing, the evidence](https://veriport.io/guides/validate-eu-vat-numbers-in-bulk-from-csv): A CSV of VAT numbers in, a dated results file out: de-duplicate, check the structure offline, pace the calls, keep provenance and consultation numbers.
- [Check a UK VAT number: HMRC’s service, not VIES, since 2021](https://veriport.io/guides/check-uk-vat-number-hmrc-not-vies): UK VAT numbers left VIES on 1 January 2021: how to check a GB number with HMRC’s free service and API, consultation number included, and the XI exception.
- [Swiss and Norwegian VAT numbers: where to check them, since VIES cannot](https://veriport.io/guides/swiss-norwegian-vat-number-check): Switzerland (CHE-123.456.789 MWST) and Norway (123 456 789 MVA) are outside VIES: where each is checked for free, the check digit, what the registers answer.
- [XRechnung erstellen per API](https://veriport.io/guides/xrechnung-erstellen-api): XRechnung 3.0 per API erzeugen: Rechnungsdaten als JSON senden, UBL oder CII zurück, gegen Schema, EN 16931 und XRechnung-Regeln geprüft, ohne Speicherung.
- [ZUGFeRD erstellen per API (Factur-X, PDF/A-3)](https://veriport.io/guides/factur-x-zugferd-generieren-api): ZUGFeRD 2.x / Factur-X im Profil EN 16931 per API: PDF/A-3 mit eingebetteter factur-x.xml, von veraPDF und Mustang geprüft, lesbare Seite in vier Sprachen.
- [Peppol BIS Billing 3.0 validator](https://veriport.io/guides/peppol-bis-billing-3-validator): Validate a Peppol BIS Billing 3.0 invoice against the UBL 2.1 schema, the CEN EN 16931 rules and the Peppol 3.0.21 rules, Belgian 0208 checks included, by API.
- [Kleinunternehmer und E-Rechnung](https://veriport.io/guides/kleinunternehmer-e-rechnung): Kleinunternehmer nach § 19 UStG und die E-Rechnung: was gilt, wie die Steuerbefreiung in XRechnung und ZUGFeRD steht (Kategorie E) und wie die API sie schreibt.
- [EN 16931 rules explained](https://veriport.io/guides/en-16931-business-rules-explained): The EN 16931 business rules decoded: rule families, the XRechnung and Peppol layers, severities and custom levels, the ten most frequent failures and their fix.
- [XRechnung prüfen und validieren: was geprüft wird, woran es scheitert](https://veriport.io/guides/xrechnung-pruefen-validieren): Eine XRechnung prüfen heißt: XML-Schema, EN-16931- und XRechnung-Regeln wie im KoSIT-Validator. Was geprüft wird, die häufigsten Fehler, kostenlose Prüfung.
- [E-Rechnung API: XRechnung, ZUGFeRD und Peppol BIS per REST erzeugen, prüfen, lesen](https://veriport.io/guides/e-rechnung-api): Eine E-Rechnung-API erzeugt, prüft und liest XRechnung, ZUGFeRD und Peppol BIS per REST: die drei Aufrufe, Kosten je Rechnung, Fristen nach § 14 UStG, Grenzen.
- [EU VAT validation APIs compared (2026): price per 1,000, free tier, consultation numbers, outages, residency](https://veriport.io/alternatives/eu-vat-validation-apis-compared): Eight EU VAT validation APIs compared on price per 1,000, free tier, consultation numbers, VIES outages and data residency, read 2026-10-28.
- [Vatstack alternative: EU VAT APIs compared on price and VIES outages](https://veriport.io/alternatives/vatstack): Vatstack, TrustComponent, Apify wrappers and Veriport compared on price per 1,000 VAT checks, free tier, cache when VIES is down, consultation numbers and bulk.
- [vatlayer (apilayer) alternative: Veriport and vatlayer (apilayer) compared on price, evidence and VIES outages](https://veriport.io/alternatives/vatlayer): vatlayer Basic is $9.99 a month for 1,000 requests. Veriport answers the same VIES check from a free tier, with a dated cache when a state is down.
- [Abstract API alternative: Veriport and Abstract API compared on price, evidence and VIES outages](https://veriport.io/alternatives/abstract): Abstract’s VAT API is $99 a month on the Standard plan. Veriport validates on VIES from a free tier, dated cache when a state is down, consultation numbers.
- [VATSense alternative: Veriport and VATSense compared on price, evidence and VIES outages](https://veriport.io/alternatives/vatsense): VATSense starts at $6.99 a month for 500 requests and adds UK and EORI numbers. Veriport is prepaid with a dated cache when VIES is down; compared here.
- [vatcheckapi alternative: Veriport and vatcheckapi compared on price, evidence and VIES outages](https://veriport.io/alternatives/vatcheckapi): vatcheckapi is $9.99 a month for 2,000 validations on servers in Germany. Veriport is prepaid, keeps a dated cache when a state is down and runs in Paris.
- [VIES API (viesapi.eu) alternative: Veriport and VIES API (viesapi.eu) compared on price, evidence and VIES outages](https://veriport.io/alternatives/viesapi): viesapi.eu starts at €8 a month for 1,000 requests, billed annually. Veriport is a REST API with a free tier, prepaid packs and a dated cache when VIES is down.
- [Stripe Tax alternative: Veriport and Stripe Tax compared on price, evidence and VIES outages](https://veriport.io/alternatives/stripe-tax): Stripe validates a customer’s EU VAT number on VIES inside Billing and Tax. For the check outside Stripe, with a consultation number and a dated cache.
- [TaxJar alternative for rate lookups: when all you need is the rate](https://veriport.io/alternatives/taxjar): TaxJar Starter is $39 a month in 2026. If you only need rates, Veriport answers from public state data with the coverage of each ZIP stated, from a free tier.
- [VAT number check (VIES check)](https://veriport.io/tools/vat-number-check): Free VAT number check on VIES: the Commission’s service asked live, the registered name where published, a dated answer shareable by link, 20 checks a day.
- [IBAN checker](https://veriport.io/tools/iban-checker): Free IBAN checker: country, length, mod 97-10 check digits, BBAN structure (SWIFT registry), bank identifier, SEPA flag, shareable by link. 88 countries.
- [EU VAT rates lookup](https://veriport.io/tools/vat-rates): Look up the VAT rates of any EU member state: standard, reduced, super-reduced and parking rates, plus the rate for digital services, e-books or food; dated.
- [XRechnung prüfen und validieren](https://veriport.io/tools/xrechnung-pruefen): XRechnung oder ZUGFeRD kostenlos prüfen: XML-Schema, EN-16931- und XRechnung-Regeln wie im KoSIT-Validator, jede Meldung mit Regel-ID und Fundstelle.
- [Valider une Factur-X](https://veriport.io/tools/valider-factur-x): Valider une facture Factur-X ou ZUGFeRD gratuitement : schéma XML et règles EN 16931 publiées, chaque erreur avec son identifiant de règle et son emplacement.
- [Peppol BIS Billing 3.0 validator](https://veriport.io/tools/peppol-validator): Validate a Peppol BIS Billing 3.0 invoice or credit note for free: the UBL 2.1 schema, the CEN rules and PEPPOL-EN16931 3.0.21, each finding with id and XPath.
- [E-invoice viewer](https://veriport.io/tools/einvoice-viewer): Open a received XRechnung, ZUGFeRD / Factur-X or Peppol BIS invoice as a readable page in your browser: parties, lines, VAT, totals, payment, nothing uploaded.
- [USt-IdNr. prüfen (Umsatzsteuer-Identifikationsnummer)](https://veriport.io/de/ust-idnr-pruefen): USt-IdNr. prüfen, kostenlos: live beim VIES der EU-Kommission, Name und Anschrift wo veröffentlicht, datierte Antwort per Link teilbar, 20 Prüfungen am Tag.
- [IBAN prüfen](https://veriport.io/de/iban-pruefen): IBAN prüfen, kostenlos: Land, Länge, Prüfziffern (Modulo 97-10), Aufbau aus dem SWIFT-Register, Bankkennung, SEPA-Kennzeichen, per Link teilbar. 88 Länder.
- [API SIRET gratuite : Sirene, Recherche d’entreprises et Veriport](https://veriport.io/fr/api-siret): API SIRET gratuite : l’API Sirene (INSEE), l’API Recherche d’entreprises (sans clé) et l’API Veriport, fiche normalisée et mise en cache ; limites et prix.
- [Vérifier un SIRET](https://veriport.io/fr/verifier-un-siret): Vérifier un SIRET ou un SIREN gratuitement : clé de Luhn, puis la fiche Sirene et RNE (raison sociale, état, adresse, NAF), datée et sourcée, 20 par jour.
- [API Sirene : ce que donne l’API gratuite de l’INSEE, et ce qu’elle ne donne pas](https://veriport.io/fr/api-sirene): L’API Sirene de l’INSEE et l’API Recherche d’entreprises sont gratuites : ce que chacune renvoie, leurs limites (30/min, 7/s), ce qu’aucune ne donne.
- [EU VAT number validation API (VIES): dated answers, 100 free calls](https://veriport.io/vat-validation-api): Validate EU VAT numbers by API: structure and check digit, then VIES live, a dated cached answer marked stale when a member state is down, consultation numbers.
- [IBAN validation API](https://veriport.io/iban-validation-api): Validate IBANs by API: country, length, mod 97-10 check digits and the BBAN structure of 88 countries from the SWIFT registry, bank identifier, SEPA flag.
- [EU VAT rates API](https://veriport.io/eu-vat-rates-api): VAT rates of the 27 EU member states by API: standard, reduced, super-reduced and parking rates, seven category hints, verifiedOn and sources on every row.
- [SIREN / SIRET API: French company data](https://veriport.io/siren-siret-api): Look up a French company by SIREN, SIRET or VAT number: legal name and form, NAF code, address, headcount, status, officers; INSEE and INPI data, cached.
- [E-invoice API: create, check and read XRechnung, ZUGFeRD and Peppol BIS](https://veriport.io/einvoice-api): Create XRechnung, ZUGFeRD / Factur-X and Peppol BIS invoices from JSON, check any e-invoice against the official rules, read a received one as JSON or PDF.
- [About Veriport](https://veriport.io/about): Veriport is built and maintained by Janolab Studio LLC (Austin, Texas) as a small, deterministic API for finance code: who is behind it, what it will not claim.
- [How we verify EU VAT rates](https://veriport.io/methodology/vat-rates): The method behind the rates table: which official pages each of the 27 rows is read from, how often, what verifiedOn means, how a change is applied, announced.
- [EU VAT rates by country](https://veriport.io/vat-rates): The VAT rates of the 27 EU member states on one page: standard, reduced, super-reduced and parking, each row verified on its own date from the official pages.
- [EU VAT number formats by country](https://veriport.io/vat-number-format): The structure of the VAT number of each EU member state and Northern Ireland, with an example, whether a public check digit exists, and how to validate it.
- [IBAN formats by country](https://veriport.io/iban-format): The IBAN length and BBAN structure of the 88 countries of the SWIFT IBAN Registry, the SEPA flag of each, a synthetic example and a page per country.
- [VAT rates in Austria](https://veriport.io/vat-rates/at): The standard VAT rate in Austria is 20 %, reduced 10 % and 13 %. Digital services 20 %, e-books 10 %, food 10 %. Verified 2026-10-24, sources on the row.
- [VAT rates in Belgium](https://veriport.io/vat-rates/be): The standard VAT rate in Belgium is 21 %, reduced 6 % and 12 %. Digital services 21 %, e-books 6 %, food 6 %. Verified 2026-10-24, sources on the row.
- [VAT rates in Bulgaria](https://veriport.io/vat-rates/bg): The standard VAT rate in Bulgaria is 20 %, reduced 9 %. Digital services 20 %, e-books 9 %, food 20 %. Verified 2026-10-28, sources on the row.
- [VAT rates in Croatia](https://veriport.io/vat-rates/hr): The standard VAT rate in Croatia is 25 %, reduced 5 % and 13 %. Digital services 25 %, e-books 5 %, food 13 %. Verified 2026-10-24, sources on the row.
- [VAT rates in Cyprus](https://veriport.io/vat-rates/cy): The standard VAT rate in Cyprus is 19 %, reduced 5 % and 9 %, super-reduced 3 %. Digital services 19 %, e-books 3 %, food 5 %. Verified 2026-10-24, sourced.
- [VAT rates in Czechia](https://veriport.io/vat-rates/cz): The standard VAT rate in Czechia is 21 %, reduced 12 %. Digital services 21 %, e-books 0 %, food 12 %. Verified 2026-10-24, sources on the row.
- [VAT rates in Denmark](https://veriport.io/vat-rates/dk): The standard VAT rate in Denmark is 25 %, no reduced rate. Digital services 25 %, e-books 25 %, food 25 %. Verified 2026-10-24, sources on the row.
- [VAT rates in Estonia](https://veriport.io/vat-rates/ee): The standard VAT rate in Estonia is 24 %, reduced 9 % and 13 %. Digital services 24 %, e-books 9 %, food 24 %. Verified 2026-10-24, sources on the row.
- [VAT rates in Finland](https://veriport.io/vat-rates/fi): The standard VAT rate in Finland is 25.5 %, reduced 10 % and 14 %. Digital services 25.5 %, e-books 14 %, food 14 %. Verified 2026-10-24, sources on the row.
- [VAT rates in France](https://veriport.io/vat-rates/fr): The standard VAT rate in France is 20 %, reduced 5.5 % and 10 %, super-reduced 2.1 %. Digital services 20 %, e-books 5.5 %, food 5.5 %. Verified 2026-10-24.
- [VAT rates in Germany](https://veriport.io/vat-rates/de): The standard VAT rate in Germany is 19 %, reduced 7 %. Digital services 19 %, e-books 7 %, food 7 %. Verified 2026-10-24 from the official pages, sources cited.
- [VAT rates in Greece](https://veriport.io/vat-rates/el): The standard VAT rate in Greece is 24 %, reduced 6 % and 13 %. Digital services 24 %, e-books 6 %, food 13 %. Verified 2026-10-24, sources on the row.
- [VAT rates in Hungary](https://veriport.io/vat-rates/hu): The standard VAT rate in Hungary is 27 %, reduced 5 % and 18 %. Digital services 27 %, e-books 27 %, food 27 %. Verified 2026-10-24, sources on the row.
- [VAT rates in Ireland](https://veriport.io/vat-rates/ie): The standard VAT rate in Ireland is 23 %, reduced 9 % and 13.5 %, super-reduced 4.8 %. Digital services 23 %, e-books 9 %, food 0 %. Verified 2026-10-28.
- [VAT rates in Italy](https://veriport.io/vat-rates/it): The standard VAT rate in Italy is 22 %, reduced 5 % and 10 %, super-reduced 4 %. Digital services 22 %, e-books 4 %, food 10 %. Verified 2026-10-24, sourced.
- [VAT rates in Latvia](https://veriport.io/vat-rates/lv): The standard VAT rate in Latvia is 21 %, reduced 5 % and 12 %. Digital services 21 %, e-books 5 %, food 21 %. Verified 2026-10-24, sources on the row.
- [VAT rates in Lithuania](https://veriport.io/vat-rates/lt): The standard VAT rate in Lithuania is 21 %, reduced 5 % and 12 %. Digital services 21 %, e-books 5 %, food 21 %. Verified 2026-10-28, sources on the row.
- [VAT rates in Luxembourg](https://veriport.io/vat-rates/lu): The standard VAT rate in Luxembourg is 17 %, reduced 8 %, super-reduced 3 %. Digital services 17 %, e-books 3 %, food 3 %. Verified 2026-10-24, sourced.
- [VAT rates in Malta](https://veriport.io/vat-rates/mt): The standard VAT rate in Malta is 18 %, reduced 5 %, 7 % and 12 %. Digital services 18 %, e-books 5 %, food 0 %. Verified 2026-10-24, sources on the row.
- [VAT rates in the Netherlands](https://veriport.io/vat-rates/nl): The standard VAT rate in the Netherlands is 21 %, reduced 9 %. Digital services 21 %, e-books 9 %, food 9 %. Verified 2026-10-24, sources on the row.
- [VAT rates in Poland](https://veriport.io/vat-rates/pl): The standard VAT rate in Poland is 23 %, reduced 5 % and 8 %. Digital services 23 %, e-books 5 %, food 5 %. Verified 2026-10-24, sources on the row.
- [VAT rates in Portugal](https://veriport.io/vat-rates/pt): The standard VAT rate in Portugal is 23 %, reduced 6 % and 13 %. Digital services 23 %, e-books 6 %, food 6 %. Verified 2026-10-24, sources on the row.
- [VAT rates in Romania](https://veriport.io/vat-rates/ro): The standard VAT rate in Romania is 21 %, reduced 11 %. Digital services 21 %, e-books 11 %, food 11 %. Verified 2026-10-24, sources on the row.
- [VAT rates in Slovakia](https://veriport.io/vat-rates/sk): The standard VAT rate in Slovakia is 23 %, reduced 5 % and 19 %. Digital services 23 %, e-books 5 %, food 19 %. Verified 2026-10-24, sources on the row.
- [VAT rates in Slovenia](https://veriport.io/vat-rates/si): The standard VAT rate in Slovenia is 22 %, reduced 5 % and 9.5 %. Digital services 22 %, e-books 5 %, food 9.5 %. Verified 2026-10-24, sources on the row.
- [VAT rates in Spain](https://veriport.io/vat-rates/es): The standard VAT rate in Spain is 21 %, reduced 10 %, super-reduced 4 %. Digital services 21 %, e-books 4 %, food 10 %. Verified 2026-10-24, sources on the row.
- [VAT rates in Sweden](https://veriport.io/vat-rates/se): The standard VAT rate in Sweden is 25 %, reduced 6 % and 12 %. Digital services 25 %, e-books 6 %, food 12 %. Verified 2026-10-24, sources on the row.
- [Austria VAT number format](https://veriport.io/vat-number-format/at): An Austria VAT number is AT + U + 8 digits, for example ATU13585627. The national check digit is public and verified before VIES is asked. How to validate it.
- [Belgium VAT number format](https://veriport.io/vat-number-format/be): A Belgium VAT number is BE + 10 digits (first digit 0 or 1), for example BE0123456749. The national check digit is public and verified before VIES is asked.
- [Bulgaria VAT number format](https://veriport.io/vat-number-format/bg): A Bulgaria VAT number is BG + 9 or 10 digits, for example BG175074752. The national check digit is public and verified before VIES is asked. How to validate it.
- [Cyprus VAT number format](https://veriport.io/vat-number-format/cy): A Cyprus VAT number is CY + 8 digits + 1 letter, for example CY10259033P. The national check digit is public and verified before VIES is asked. Free check.
- [Czechia VAT number format](https://veriport.io/vat-number-format/cz): A Czechia VAT number is CZ + 8, 9 or 10 digits, for example CZ25123891. The national check digit is public and verified before VIES is asked. Free check.
- [Germany VAT number format](https://veriport.io/vat-number-format/de): A Germany VAT number is DE + 9 digits, for example DE136695976. The national check digit is public and verified before VIES is asked. How to validate it.
- [Denmark VAT number format](https://veriport.io/vat-number-format/dk): A Denmark VAT number is DK + 8 digits, for example DK13585628. The national check digit is public and verified before VIES is asked. How to validate it on VIES.
- [Estonia VAT number format](https://veriport.io/vat-number-format/ee): An Estonia VAT number is EE + 9 digits, for example EE100931558. The national check digit is public and verified before VIES is asked. How to validate it.
- [Greece VAT number format](https://veriport.io/vat-number-format/el): A Greece VAT number is EL + 9 digits (prefix EL, not GR), for example EL094259216. The national check digit is public and verified before VIES is asked.
- [Spain VAT number format](https://veriport.io/vat-number-format/es): A Spain VAT number is ES + 9 characters; the first, the last or both are letters, for example ESB58378431. Check digit verified, then VIES. How to validate it.
- [Finland VAT number format](https://veriport.io/vat-number-format/fi): A Finland VAT number is FI + 8 digits, for example FI09853608. The national check digit is public and verified before VIES is asked. How to validate it on VIES.
- [France VAT number format](https://veriport.io/vat-number-format/fr): A France VAT number is FR + 2 characters (key: digits or letters except O and I) + 9 digits (SIREN), for example FR40303265045. Check digit verified, then VIES.
- [Croatia VAT number format](https://veriport.io/vat-number-format/hr): A Croatia VAT number is HR + 11 digits, for example HR33392005961. The national check digit is public and verified before VIES is asked. How to validate it.
- [Hungary VAT number format](https://veriport.io/vat-number-format/hu): A Hungary VAT number is HU + 8 digits, for example HU21376414. The national check digit is public and verified before VIES is asked. How to validate it on VIES.
- [Ireland VAT number format](https://veriport.io/vat-number-format/ie): An Ireland VAT number is IE + 7 digits + 1 or 2 letters, or 1 digit + 1 letter/+/* + 5 digits + 1 letter, for example IE6388047V. How to validate it on VIES.
- [Italy VAT number format](https://veriport.io/vat-number-format/it): An Italy VAT number is IT + 11 digits, for example IT00743110157. The national check digit is public and verified before VIES is asked. How to validate it.
- [Lithuania VAT number format](https://veriport.io/vat-number-format/lt): A Lithuania VAT number is LT + 9 or 12 digits, for example LT119511515. The national check digit is public and verified before VIES is asked. Free check.
- [Luxembourg VAT number format](https://veriport.io/vat-number-format/lu): A Luxembourg VAT number is LU + 8 digits, for example LU15027442. The national check digit is public and verified before VIES is asked. How to validate it.
- [Latvia VAT number format](https://veriport.io/vat-number-format/lv): A Latvia VAT number is LV + 11 digits, for example LV40003521600. The national check digit is public and verified before VIES is asked. How to validate it.
- [Malta VAT number format](https://veriport.io/vat-number-format/mt): A Malta VAT number is MT + 8 digits, for example MT11679112. The national check digit is public and verified before VIES is asked. How to validate it on VIES.
- [Netherlands VAT number format](https://veriport.io/vat-number-format/nl): A Netherlands VAT number is NL + 9 digits + B + 2 digits, for example NL004495445B01. The national check digit is public and verified before VIES is asked.
- [Poland VAT number format](https://veriport.io/vat-number-format/pl): A Poland VAT number is PL + 10 digits, for example PL8567346215. The national check digit is public and verified before VIES is asked. How to validate it.
- [Portugal VAT number format](https://veriport.io/vat-number-format/pt): A Portugal VAT number is PT + 9 digits, for example PT501964843. The national check digit is public and verified before VIES is asked. How to validate it.
- [Romania VAT number format](https://veriport.io/vat-number-format/ro): A Romania VAT number is RO + 2 to 10 digits, for example RO18547290. The national check digit is public and verified before VIES is asked. How to validate it.
- [Sweden VAT number format](https://veriport.io/vat-number-format/se): A Sweden VAT number is SE + 12 digits, ending in 01, for example SE556188840401. The national check digit is public and verified before VIES is asked.
- [Slovenia VAT number format](https://veriport.io/vat-number-format/si): A Slovenia VAT number is SI + 8 digits, for example SI50223054. The national check digit is public and verified before VIES is asked. How to validate it.
- [Slovakia VAT number format](https://veriport.io/vat-number-format/sk): A Slovakia VAT number is SK + 10 digits, for example SK2022749619. The national check digit is public and verified before VIES is asked. How to validate it.
- [Northern Ireland VAT number format](https://veriport.io/vat-number-format/xi): A Northern Ireland VAT number is XI + 9 or 12 digits, or GD/HA + 3 digits, for example XI110305878. Check digit verified, then VIES. How to validate it on VIES.
- [Andorra IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/ad): IBANs in Andorra have 24 characters: AD, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 20 (4!n4!n12!c). Andorra is in SEPA. Example, free check and the registry row behind the API.
- [United Arab Emirates IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/ae): IBANs in the United Arab Emirates have 23 characters: AE, two check digits, then 3 digits (bank code), 16 digits (account number). Outside SEPA. Example.
- [Albania IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/al): IBANs in Albania have 28 characters: AL, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 24 (8!n16!c). Albania is in SEPA since 2025-10-05. Example, free check, registry row.
- [Austria IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/at): IBANs in Austria have 20 characters: AT, two check digits, then 5 digits (bank code), 11 digits (account number). Austria is in SEPA. Example and free check.
- [Azerbaijan IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/az): IBANs in Azerbaijan have 28 characters: AZ, two check digits, then 4 letters (bank code), 20 alphanumeric characters (account number). Outside SEPA. Example.
- [Bosnia and Herzegovina IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/ba): IBANs in Bosnia and Herzegovina have 20 characters: BA, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 16 (3!n3!n8!n2!n). Bosnia and Herzegovina is outside SEPA. Example and check.
- [Belgium IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/be): IBANs in Belgium have 16 characters: BE, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 12 (3!n7!n2!n). Belgium is in SEPA. Example, free check and the registry row behind the API.
- [Bulgaria IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/bg): IBANs in Bulgaria have 22 characters: BG, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 18 (4!a4!n2!n8!c). Bulgaria is in SEPA. Example, free check, registry row.
- [Bahrain IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/bh): IBANs in Bahrain have 22 characters: BH, two check digits, then 4 letters (bank code), 14 alphanumeric characters (account number). Bahrain is outside SEPA.
- [Burundi IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/bi): IBANs in Burundi have 27 characters: BI, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 23 (5!n5!n11!n2!n). Burundi is outside SEPA. Example, free check, registry row.
- [Brazil IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/br): IBANs in Brazil have 29 characters: BR, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 25 (8!n5!n10!n1!a1!c). Brazil is outside SEPA. Example, free check, registry row.
- [Belarus IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/by): IBANs in Belarus have 28 characters: BY, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 24 (4!c4!n16!c). Belarus is outside SEPA. Example, free check, registry row.
- [Switzerland IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/ch): IBANs in Switzerland have 21 characters: CH, two check digits, then 5 digits (bank code), 12 alphanumeric characters (account number). Switzerland is in SEPA.
- [Costa Rica IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/cr): IBANs in Costa Rica have 22 characters: CR, two check digits, then 4 digits (bank code), 14 digits (account number). Costa Rica is outside SEPA. Example.
- [Cyprus IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/cy): IBANs in Cyprus have 28 characters: CY, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 24 (3!n5!n16!c). Cyprus is in SEPA. Example, free check and the registry row behind the API.
- [Czechia IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/cz): IBANs in Czechia have 24 characters: CZ, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 20 (4!n6!n10!n). Czechia is in SEPA. Example, free check and the registry row behind the API.
- [Germany IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/de): IBANs in Germany have 22 characters: DE, two check digits, then 8 digits (bank code), 10 digits (account number). Germany is in SEPA. Example and free check.
- [Djibouti IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/dj): IBANs in Djibouti have 27 characters: DJ, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 23 (5!n5!n11!n2!n). Djibouti is outside SEPA. Example, free check, registry row.
- [Denmark IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/dk): IBANs in Denmark have 18 characters: DK, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 14 (4!n9!n1!n). Denmark is in SEPA. Example, free check and the registry row behind the API.
- [Dominican Republic IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/do): IBANs in the Dominican Republic have 28 characters: DO, two check digits, then 4 alphanumeric characters (bank code), 20 digits (account number). Outside SEPA.
- [Estonia IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/ee): IBANs in Estonia have 20 characters: EE, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 16 (2!n2!n11!n1!n). Estonia is in SEPA. Example, free check, registry row.
- [Egypt IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/eg): IBANs in Egypt have 29 characters: EG, two check digits, then 4 digits (bank code), 4 digits (branch code), 17 digits (account number). Egypt is outside SEPA.
- [Spain IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/es): IBANs in Spain have 24 characters: ES, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 20 (4!n4!n1!n1!n10!n). Spain is in SEPA. Example, free check, registry row.
- [Finland IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/fi): IBANs in Finland have 18 characters: FI, two check digits, then 3 digits (bank code), 11 digits (account number). Finland is in SEPA. Example and free check.
- [Falkland Islands IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/fk): IBANs in Falkland Islands have 18 characters: FK, two check digits, then 2 letters (bank code), 12 digits (account number). Falkland Islands is outside SEPA.
- [Faroe Islands IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/fo): IBANs in the Faroe Islands have 18 characters: FO, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 14 (4!n9!n1!n). The Faroe Islands is outside SEPA. Example and free check.
- [France IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/fr): IBANs in France have 27 characters: FR, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 23 (5!n5!n11!c2!n). In SEPA. Example, free check and the registry row behind the API.
- [United Kingdom IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/gb): IBANs in the United Kingdom have 22 characters: GB, two check digits, then 4 letters (bank code), 6 digits (branch code), 8 digits (account number). In SEPA.
- [Georgia IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/ge): IBANs in Georgia have 22 characters: GE, two check digits, then 2 letters (bank code), 16 digits (account number). Georgia is outside SEPA. Example and check.
- [Gibraltar IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/gi): IBANs in Gibraltar have 23 characters: GI, two check digits, then 4 letters (bank code), 15 alphanumeric characters (account number). Gibraltar is in SEPA.
- [Greenland IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/gl): IBANs in Greenland have 18 characters: GL, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 14 (4!n9!n1!n). Greenland is outside SEPA. Example, free check, registry row.
- [Greece IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/gr): IBANs in Greece have 27 characters: GR, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 23 (3!n4!n16!c). Greece is in SEPA. Example, free check and the registry row behind the API.
- [Guatemala IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/gt): IBANs in Guatemala have 28 characters: GT, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 24 (4!c20!c). Guatemala is outside SEPA. Example, free check, registry row.
- [Croatia IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/hr): IBANs in Croatia have 21 characters: HR, two check digits, then 7 digits (bank code), 10 digits (account number). Croatia is in SEPA. Example and free check.
- [Hungary IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/hu): IBANs in Hungary have 28 characters: HU, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 24 (3!n4!n1!n15!n1!n). Hungary is in SEPA. Example, free check, registry row.
- [Ireland IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/ie): IBANs in Ireland have 22 characters: IE, two check digits, then 4 letters (bank code), 6 digits (branch code), 8 digits (account number). Ireland is in SEPA.
- [Israel IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/il): IBANs in Israel have 23 characters: IL, two check digits, then 3 digits (bank code), 3 digits (branch code), 13 digits (account number). Israel is outside SEPA.
- [Iraq IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/iq): IBANs in Iraq have 23 characters: IQ, two check digits, then 4 letters (bank code), 3 digits (branch code), 12 digits (account number). Iraq is outside SEPA.
- [Iceland IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/is): IBANs in Iceland have 26 characters: IS, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 22 (4!n2!n6!n10!n). Iceland is in SEPA. Example, free check, registry row.
- [Italy IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/it): IBANs in Italy have 27 characters: IT, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 23 (1!a5!n5!n12!c). Italy is in SEPA. Example, free check and the registry row behind the API.
- [Jordan IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/jo): IBANs in Jordan have 30 characters: JO, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 26 (4!a4!n18!c). Jordan is outside SEPA. Example, free check, registry row.
- [Kuwait IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/kw): IBANs in Kuwait have 30 characters: KW, two check digits, then 4 letters (bank code), 22 alphanumeric characters (account number). Kuwait is outside SEPA.
- [Kazakhstan IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/kz): IBANs in Kazakhstan have 20 characters: KZ, two check digits, then 3 digits (bank code), 13 alphanumeric characters (account number). Outside SEPA. Example.
- [Lebanon IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/lb): IBANs in Lebanon have 28 characters: LB, two check digits, then 4 digits (bank code), 20 alphanumeric characters (account number). Lebanon is outside SEPA.
- [Saint Lucia IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/lc): IBANs in Saint Lucia have 32 characters: LC, two check digits, then 4 letters (bank code), 24 alphanumeric characters (account number). Outside SEPA. Example.
- [Liechtenstein IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/li): IBANs in Liechtenstein have 21 characters: LI, two check digits, then 5 digits (bank code), 12 alphanumeric characters (account number). In SEPA. Example.
- [Lithuania IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/lt): IBANs in Lithuania have 20 characters: LT, two check digits, then 5 digits (bank code), 11 digits (account number). Lithuania is in SEPA. Example and check.
- [Luxembourg IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/lu): IBANs in Luxembourg have 20 characters: LU, two check digits, then 3 digits (bank code), 13 alphanumeric characters (account number). Luxembourg is in SEPA.
- [Latvia IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/lv): IBANs in Latvia have 21 characters: LV, two check digits, then 4 letters (bank code), 13 alphanumeric characters (account number). Latvia is in SEPA. Example.
- [Libya IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/ly): IBANs in Libya have 25 characters: LY, two check digits, then 3 digits (bank code), 3 digits (branch code), 15 digits (account number). Libya is outside SEPA.
- [Monaco IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/mc): IBANs in Monaco have 27 characters: MC, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 23 (5!n5!n11!c2!n). In SEPA. Example, free check and the registry row behind the API.
- [Moldova IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/md): IBANs in Moldova have 24 characters: MD, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 20 (2!c18!c). Moldova is in SEPA since 2025-10-05. Example, free check, registry row.
- [Montenegro IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/me): IBANs in Montenegro have 22 characters: ME, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 18 (3!n13!n2!n). Montenegro is in SEPA since 2025-10-05. Example and free check.
- [North Macedonia IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/mk): IBANs in North Macedonia have 19 characters: MK, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 15 (3!n10!c2!n). North Macedonia is in SEPA since 2025-10-05. Example and free check.
- [Mongolia IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/mn): IBANs in Mongolia have 20 characters: MN, two check digits, then 4 digits (bank code), 12 digits (account number). Mongolia is outside SEPA. Example and check.
- [Mauritania IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/mr): IBANs in Mauritania have 27 characters: MR, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 23 (5!n5!n11!n2!n). Mauritania is outside SEPA. Example, free check, registry row.
- [Malta IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/mt): IBANs in Malta have 31 characters: MT, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 27 (4!a5!n18!c). Malta is in SEPA. Example, free check and the registry row behind the API.
- [Mauritius IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/mu): IBANs in Mauritius have 30 characters: MU, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 26 (4!a2!n2!n12!n3!n3!a). Mauritius is outside SEPA. Example, free check, registry row.
- [Nicaragua IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/ni): IBANs in Nicaragua have 28 characters: NI, two check digits, then 4 letters (bank code), 20 digits (account number). Nicaragua is outside SEPA. Example.
- [Netherlands IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/nl): IBANs in the Netherlands have 18 characters: NL, two check digits, then 4 letters (bank code), 10 digits (account number). The Netherlands is in SEPA. Example.
- [Norway IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/no): IBANs in Norway have 15 characters: NO, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 11 (4!n6!n1!n). Norway is in SEPA. Example, free check and the registry row behind the API.
- [Oman IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/om): IBANs in Oman have 23 characters: OM, two check digits, then 3 digits (bank code), 16 alphanumeric characters (account number). Oman is outside SEPA. Example.
- [Pakistan IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/pk): IBANs in Pakistan have 24 characters: PK, two check digits, then 4 letters (bank code), 16 alphanumeric characters (account number). Pakistan is outside SEPA.
- [Poland IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/pl): IBANs in Poland have 28 characters: PL, two check digits, then 8 digits (branch code), 16 digits (account number). Poland is in SEPA. Example and free check.
- [Palestine IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/ps): IBANs in Palestine have 29 characters: PS, two check digits, then 4 letters (bank code), 21 alphanumeric characters (account number). Palestine is outside SEPA.
- [Portugal IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/pt): IBANs in Portugal have 25 characters: PT, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 21 (4!n4!n11!n2!n). Portugal is in SEPA. Example, free check, registry row.
- [Qatar IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/qa): IBANs in Qatar have 29 characters: QA, two check digits, then 4 letters (bank code), 21 alphanumeric characters (account number). Qatar is outside SEPA.
- [Romania IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/ro): IBANs in Romania have 24 characters: RO, two check digits, then 4 letters (bank code), 16 alphanumeric characters (account number). Romania is in SEPA. Example.
- [Serbia IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/rs): IBANs in Serbia have 22 characters: RS, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 18 (3!n13!n2!n). Serbia is outside SEPA. Example, free check, registry row.
- [Russia IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/ru): IBANs in Russia have 33 characters: RU, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 29 (9!n5!n15!c). Russia is outside SEPA. Example, free check, registry row.
- [Saudi Arabia IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/sa): IBANs in Saudi Arabia have 24 characters: SA, two check digits, then 2 digits (bank code), 18 alphanumeric characters (account number). Outside SEPA. Example.
- [Seychelles IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/sc): IBANs in the Seychelles have 31 characters: SC, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 27 (4!a2!n2!n16!n3!a). The Seychelles is outside SEPA. Example and free check.
- [Sudan IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/sd): IBANs in Sudan have 18 characters: SD, two check digits, then 2 digits (bank code), 12 digits (account number). Sudan is outside SEPA. Example and free check.
- [Sweden IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/se): IBANs in Sweden have 24 characters: SE, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 20 (3!n16!n1!n). Sweden is in SEPA. Example, free check and the registry row behind the API.
- [Slovenia IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/si): IBANs in Slovenia have 19 characters: SI, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 15 (5!n8!n2!n). In SEPA. Example, free check and the registry row behind the API.
- [Slovakia IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/sk): IBANs in Slovakia have 24 characters: SK, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 20 (4!n6!n10!n). Slovakia is in SEPA. Example, free check, registry row.
- [San Marino IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/sm): IBANs in San Marino have 27 characters: SM, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 23 (1!a5!n5!n12!c). San Marino is in SEPA. Example, free check, registry row.
- [Somalia IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/so): IBANs in Somalia have 23 characters: SO, two check digits, then 4 digits (bank code), 3 digits (branch code), 12 digits (account number). Outside SEPA. Example.
- [Sao Tome and Principe IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/st): IBANs in Sao Tome and Principe have 25 characters: ST, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 21 (8!n11!n2!n). Sao Tome and Principe is outside SEPA. Example and free check.
- [El Salvador IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/sv): IBANs in El Salvador have 28 characters: SV, two check digits, then 4 letters (bank code), 20 digits (account number). El Salvador is outside SEPA. Example.
- [Timor-Leste IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/tl): IBANs in Timor-Leste have 23 characters: TL, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 19 (3!n14!n2!n). Timor-Leste is outside SEPA. Example, free check, registry row.
- [Tunisia IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/tn): IBANs in Tunisia have 24 characters: TN, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 20 (2!n3!n13!n2!n). Tunisia is outside SEPA. Example, free check, registry row.
- [Türkiye IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/tr): IBANs in Türkiye have 26 characters: TR, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 22 (5!n1!n16!c). Türkiye is outside SEPA. Example, free check, registry row.
- [Ukraine IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/ua): IBANs in Ukraine have 29 characters: UA, two check digits, then 6 digits (bank code), 19 alphanumeric characters (account number). Ukraine is outside SEPA.
- [Vatican City State IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/va): IBANs in the Vatican City State have 22 characters: VA, two check digits, then 3 digits (bank code), 15 digits (account number). In SEPA. Example and check.
- [British Virgin Islands IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/vg): IBANs in British Virgin Islands have 24 characters: VG, two check digits, then 4 letters (bank code), 16 digits (account number). Outside SEPA. Example.
- [Kosovo IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/xk): IBANs in Kosovo have 20 characters: XK, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 16 (4!n10!n2!n). Kosovo is outside SEPA. Example, free check, registry row.
- [Yemen IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/ye): IBANs in Yemen have 30 characters: YE, 2 check digits, a BBAN of 26 (4!a4!n18!c). Outside SEPA. Example, free check and the registry row behind the API.

## Official sources used
- [VIES — VAT Information Exchange System: FAQ and VAT number structures (Q11)](https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/vies/#/faq) (European Commission, DG TAXUD, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [VIES REST API — check-vat-number, check-status (technical information)](https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/vies/#/technical-information) (European Commission, DG TAXUD, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [VIES SOAP service — checkVatService WSDL](https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/vies/checkVatService.wsdl) (European Commission, DG TAXUD, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [VIES — help page: what the consultation number proves, member-state availability](https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/vies/#/help) (European Commission, DG TAXUD, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [VIES — Self-monitoring: availability of each national component (MSA / XI availability), the data behind the check-status endpoint](https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/vies/#/self-monitoring) (European Commission, DG TAXUD, consulted 2026-10-28)
- [GOV.UK — Check a UK VAT number (the free HMRC service; UK numbers are not in VIES since 1 January 2021)](https://www.gov.uk/check-uk-vat-number) (HM Revenue & Customs, consulted 2026-10-28)
- [HMRC Developer Hub — Check a UK VAT number API v2.0: lookup/{targetVrn} and lookup/{targetVrn}/{requesterVrn} (consultation number), OAuth 2.0 client credentials, 3 requests a second](https://developer.service.hmrc.gov.uk/api-documentation/docs/api/service/vat-registered-companies-api/2.0) (HM Revenue & Customs, consulted 2026-10-28)
- [HMRC internal manual VATGPB9400 — VAT registration numbers of government departments (GD) and health authorities (HA)](https://www.gov.uk/hmrc-internal-manuals/vat-government-and-public-bodies/vatgpb9400) (HM Revenue & Customs, consulted 2026-10-28)
- [Federal Chancellery — UID web service: public services free without login, limited to 20 requests a minute; SOAP 5.0 (ValidateVatNumber, GetByUID)](https://www.bk.admin.ch/de/uid-webservice) (Swiss Federal Chancellery / Federal Statistical Office (BFS), consulted 2026-10-28)
- [ESTV — the UID as VAT number: CHE-123.456.789 MWST / TVA / IVA (the suffix VAT is not allowed)](https://www.estv.admin.ch/de/unternehmens-identifikationsnummer-uid) (Swiss Federal Tax Administration (ESTV), consulted 2026-10-28)
- [eCH-0097 v5.1 — Datenstandard Unternehmensidentifikation: the UID check digit (weights 5,4,3,2,7,6,5,4, modulo 11)](https://www.ech.ch/sites/default/files/dosvers/hauptdokument/STAN_d_REP_2020-11-26_eCH-0097_V5.1_Datenstandard%20Unternehmensidentifikation.pdf) (eCH (Swiss e-government standards), consulted 2026-10-28)
- [Brønnøysund Register Centre — Enhetsregisteret open data API v2 (enheter/{orgnr}: registrertIMvaregisteret, konkurs, underAvvikling; NLOD licence, no key)](https://data.brreg.no/enhetsregisteret/api/dokumentasjon/no/index.html) (Brønnøysundregistrene, consulted 2026-10-28)
- [Brønnøysund Register Centre — the organisation number: nine digits, modulo-11 check digit (weights 3,2,7,6,5,4,3,2); the VAT number is the organisation number followed by MVA](https://www.brreg.no/?p=36889) (Brønnøysundregistrene, consulted 2026-10-28)
- [VAT rates applied in the Member States of the European Union (situation at 1 January 2025) and the Taxes in Europe Database (TEDB)](https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/taxation/vat/vat-rates_en) (European Commission, DG TAXUD, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [Council Directive 2006/112/EC on the common system of value added tax, Articles 96–105 and Annex III (reduced rates), as amended by Directive (EU) 2022/542](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2006/112/oj) (EUR-Lex, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [VAT e-commerce rules: One Stop Shop (OSS) and Import One Stop Shop (IOSS)](https://vat-one-stop-shop.ec.europa.eu/) (European Commission, DG TAXUD, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [IBAN Registry (ISO 13616) — country lengths, BBAN structures, SEPA membership](https://www.swift.com/standards/data-standards/iban-international-bank-account-number) (SWIFT, ISO 13616 registration authority, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [ISO 13616-1:2020 — Financial services — International bank account number (IBAN): structure and mod 97-10 check (ISO/IEC 7064)](https://www.iso.org/standard/81090.html) (ISO, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [EPC list of SEPA scheme countries (geographical scope of the SEPA schemes)](https://www.europeanpaymentscouncil.eu/document-library/other/epc-list-sepa-scheme-countries) (European Payments Council, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [Austria — BMF, Umsatzsteuer: Steuersätze](https://www.bmf.gv.at/themen/steuern/fuer-unternehmen/umsatzsteuer/umsatzsteuer-allgemein.html) (Bundesministerium für Finanzen, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [Belgium — SPF Finances, taux de TVA](https://finances.belgium.be/fr/entreprises/tva/taux) (SPF Finances, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [Bulgaria — National Revenue Agency, VAT](https://nra.bg/wps/portal/nra/taxes/dds) (NRA, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [Bulgaria joined the euro area on 1 January 2026 (BGN 1.95583 = EUR 1; lev cash accepted until 31 January 2026)](https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/changeover/bulgaria/html/index.en.html) (European Central Bank, consulted 2026-10-28)
- [Croatia — Porezna uprava, PDV stope](https://www.porezna-uprava.hr/HR_porezni_sustav/Stranice/porez_na_dodanu_vrijednost.aspx) (Porezna uprava, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [Cyprus — Tax Department, VAT rates](https://www.mof.gov.cy/mof/tax/taxdep.nsf/vat_en/vat_en) (Tax Department, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [Czechia — Finanční správa, DPH sazby (consolidation package 2024)](https://www.financnisprava.cz/cs/dane/dane/dan-z-pridane-hodnoty) (Finanční správa, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [Denmark — Skattestyrelsen, moms](https://skat.dk/erhverv/moms) (Skattestyrelsen, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [Estonia — Maksu- ja Tolliamet, VAT rates (24 % standard from 1 July 2025)](https://www.emta.ee/en/business-client/taxes-and-payment/value-added-tax/vat-rates) (EMTA, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [Finland — Vero, VAT rates (25.5 % from 1 September 2024; 14 % reduced from 1 January 2025)](https://www.vero.fi/en/businesses-and-corporations/taxes-and-charges/vat/rates-of-vat/) (Vero Skatt, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [France — impots.gouv, taux de TVA](https://www.impots.gouv.fr/professionnel/les-taux-de-tva) (DGFiP, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [Germany — BZSt / BMF, Umsatzsteuer §12 UStG](https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/ustg_1980/__12.html) (BMJ, gesetze-im-internet.de, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [Greece — AADE, ΦΠΑ συντελεστές](https://www.aade.gr/epiheiriseis/forologikes-ypiresies/fpa) (AADE, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [Hungary — NAV, general forgalmi adó](https://nav.gov.hu/ado/afa) (NAV, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [Ireland — Revenue, current VAT rates (23 / 13.5 / 9 / 4.8 from 1 January 2026)](https://www.revenue.ie/en/vat/vat-rates/search-vat-rates/current-vat-rates.aspx) (Revenue, consulted 2026-10-28)
- [Ireland — Revenue, VAT notes for guidance, Finance Act 2025: s. 71 applies the 9 % second reduced rate from 1 July 2026 to hairdressing and to food and drink supplied as part of a restaurant, catering or hot takeaway service (alcohol, bottled water, sports and soft drinks excluded); s. 69 keeps gas and electricity at 9 % until 31 December 2030](https://www.revenue.ie/en/tax-professionals/documents/notes-for-guidance/vat/vat-guidance-notes-fa2025.pdf) (Revenue, consulted 2026-10-28)
- [Italy — Agenzia delle Entrate, aliquote IVA](https://www.agenziaentrate.gov.it/portale/web/guest/iva-regole-generali-aliquote-esenzioni-pagamento/aliquote) (Agenzia delle Entrate, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [Latvia — VID, PVN likmes](https://www.vid.gov.lv/lv/pvn-likmes) (VID, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [Lithuania — VMI, PVM tarifai](https://www.vmi.lt/evmi/pvm-tarifai) (VMI, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [Lithuania — Seimas press release of 17 June 2025: amendments to the Law on VAT in force 1 January 2026 — books and non-periodical publications 9 % → 5 %; accommodation, passenger transport, arts and cultural events 9 % → 12 %; district heating, hot water and firewood 9 % → 21 %](https://sc.bns.lt/view/item/seimas-approves-changes-in-reduced-vat-rates-509552) (Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania (via the BNS press centre), consulted 2026-10-28)
- [Luxembourg — AED, taux de TVA](https://pfi.public.lu/fr/professionnel/tva/taux.html) (Administration de l’enregistrement, des domaines et de la TVA, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [Malta — CfR, VAT rates](https://cfr.gov.mt/en/vat/general_information/Pages/VAT-Rates.aspx) (Commissioner for Revenue, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [Netherlands — Belastingdienst, btw-tarieven](https://www.belastingdienst.nl/wps/wcm/connect/bldcontentnl/belastingdienst/zakelijk/btw/tarieven_en_vrijstellingen/) (Belastingdienst, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [Poland — podatki.gov.pl, stawki VAT](https://www.podatki.gov.pl/vat/stawki-vat/) (Ministerstwo Finansów, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [Portugal — Autoridade Tributária, taxas de IVA](https://info.portaldasfinancas.gov.pt/pt/informacao_fiscal/codigos_tributarios/civa_rep/) (Autoridade Tributária e Aduaneira, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [Romania — ANAF, cote TVA (21 % standard and 11 % reduced from 1 August 2025, Law 141/2025)](https://www.anaf.ro/anaf/internet/ANAF/asistenta_contribuabili/persoane_juridice/tva) (ANAF, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [Slovakia — Finančná správa, sadzby DPH (23 % standard from 1 January 2025)](https://www.financnasprava.sk/sk/podnikatelia/dane/dan-z-pridanej-hodnoty) (Finančná správa, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [Slovenia — FURS, stopnje DDV](https://www.fu.gov.si/davki_in_druge_dajatve/podrocja/davek_na_dodano_vrednost_ddv/) (FURS, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [Spain — AEAT, tipos impositivos IVA](https://sede.agenciatributaria.gob.es/Sede/iva/tipos-impositivos.html) (AEAT, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [Sweden — Skatteverket, momssatser](https://www.skatteverket.se/foretag/moms/saljavarorochtjanster/momssatspavarorochtjanster.4.58d555751259e4d66168000409.html) (Skatteverket, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/194 — the OSS/IOSS VAT return: content per member state of consumption, rate type, rate, taxable amount, VAT amount, corrections (Annex III)](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2020/194/oj) (European Commission (EUR-Lex), consulted 2026-10-24)
- [One Stop Shop — guide to the VAT OSS: declare and pay, quarterly periods, corrections in a later return](https://vat-one-stop-shop.ec.europa.eu/one-stop-shop/declare-and-pay-oss_en) (European Commission, DG TAXUD, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [BZSt — One-Stop-Shop, EU-Regelung: elektronische Abgabe der Steuererklärung im BZStOnline-Portal, wahlweise mit Import-Funktion](https://www.bzst.de/DE/Unternehmen/Umsatzsteuer/One-Stop-Shop_EU/ElektronischeAbgabe/elektronischeabgabe_oss_node.html) (Bundeszentralamt für Steuern, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [BZStOnline-Portal (Mein BOP) — Allgemeine Anleitung zur Erstellung von CSV-Dateien für die Importfunktion (UTF-8, one separator , or ;, decimal point, #v version line)](https://www.elster.de/bportal/helpGlobal?themaGlobal=allgemeine_csv-anleitung) (ELSTER / Bundeszentralamt für Steuern, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [impots.gouv.fr — guichet unique TVA (OSS/IOSS): déclaration en ligne dans l’espace professionnel](https://www.impots.gouv.fr/professionnel/le-guichet-unique-tva-oss-ioss) (DGFiP, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [Washington State Department of Revenue — Sales & use tax rates, downloadable database (quarterly rate and ZIP+4 files)](https://dor.wa.gov/taxes-rates/sales-use-tax-rates/downloadable-database) (Washington State Department of Revenue, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [Ohio Department of Taxation — The Finder, file downloads: Ohio County Rate Table by Zip Code (CSV)](https://thefinder.tax.ohio.gov/?tab=fileDownloads) (Ohio Department of Taxation, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [API Recherche d’entreprises — open search API over INSEE Sirene and INPI RNE data (no key, 7 requests a second), OpenAPI document](https://recherche-entreprises.api.gouv.fr/docs/) (DINUM / Annuaire des Entreprises, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [INSEE — API Sirene 3.11 (siren/{siren}, siret/{siret}), key-based through the INSEE API portal, 30 requests a minute](https://portail-api.insee.fr/) (INSEE, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [INPI — Registre national des entreprises (RNE), open data on company officers (dirigeants) re-served by the Recherche d’entreprises API](https://www.inpi.fr/le-registre-national-des-entreprises) (INPI, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [INSEE — Nomenclature d’activités française (NAF rév. 2) and the legal-category (catégorie juridique) and headcount-band code lists](https://www.insee.fr/fr/information/2406147) (INSEE, consulted 2026-10-24)
- [XRechnung — the German CIUS of EN 16931 (standard, versions and bundles; version 3.0.2 in force)](https://xeinkauf.de/xrechnung/) (KoSIT (Koordinierungsstelle für IT-Standards), Bremen, consulted 2026-10-28)
- [KoSIT validator (the reference validator for XRechnung), release 1.6.3](https://github.com/itplr-kosit/validator) (KoSIT, consulted 2026-10-28)
- [Validator configuration XRechnung v2026-08-31 (XRechnung 3.0.2, CEN schematron 1.3.16, xrechnung-schematron 2.6.0)](https://github.com/itplr-kosit/validator-configuration-xrechnung/releases/tag/v2026-08-31) (KoSIT, consulted 2026-10-28)
- [EN 16931 validation artefacts 1.3.16 (UBL and CII schematron, the business rules BR-*)](https://github.com/ConnectingEurope/eInvoicing-EN16931/releases/tag/validation-1.3.16) (CEN/TC 434, published with the European Commission (Connecting Europe), consulted 2026-10-28)
- [Directive 2014/55/EU on electronic invoicing in public procurement (the mandate behind EN 16931)](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2014/55/oj) (EUR-Lex, consulted 2026-10-28)
- [Peppol BIS Billing 3.0 — specification, identifiers, code lists and rules](https://docs.peppol.eu/poacc/billing/3.0/) (OpenPeppol AISBL, consulted 2026-10-28)
- [Peppol BIS Billing 3.0 release 3.0.21: PEPPOL-EN16931-UBL.sch and the CEN files it ships](https://github.com/OpenPEPPOL/peppol-bis-invoice-3/tree/3.0.21/rules/sch) (OpenPeppol AISBL, consulted 2026-10-28)
- [Factur-X 1.0 (the Franco-German hybrid invoice: PDF/A-3 with CII, profiles MINIMUM to EXTENDED)](https://fnfe-mpe.org/factur-x/) (FNFE-MPE, consulted 2026-10-28)
- [ZUGFeRD 2.x (identical to Factur-X 1.0; the EN 16931 profile is « COMFORT »)](https://www.ferd-net.de/standards/zugferd) (FeRD (Forum elektronische Rechnung Deutschland), consulted 2026-10-28)
- [veraPDF, the industry-supported PDF/A validator (release 1.30.3)](https://verapdf.org/) (veraPDF consortium (PDF Association, Open Preservation Foundation), consulted 2026-10-28)
- [§ 14 UStG (Ausstellung von Rechnungen): the e-invoice for domestic B2B supplies, receipt since 1 January 2025, issue from 1 January 2027 (turnover above €800,000) and 1 January 2028](https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/ustg_1980/__14.html) (Bundesministerium der Justiz (gesetze-im-internet.de), consulted 2026-10-28)
- [§ 19 UStG (Besteuerung der Kleinunternehmer)](https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/ustg_1980/__19.html) (Bundesministerium der Justiz (gesetze-im-internet.de), consulted 2026-10-28)
- [SPF BOSA — e-invoicing between Belgian businesses, structured (Peppol BIS) since 1 January 2026](https://efacture.belgium.be/fr) (SPF BOSA (Belgium), consulted 2026-10-28)
- [Facturation électronique et plateformes agréées: reception by every business from 1 September 2026, issue by SMEs from 1 September 2027](https://www.impots.gouv.fr/facturation-electronique-et-plateformes-agreees) (DGFiP (impots.gouv.fr), consulted 2026-10-28)

## Full text
- [llms-full.txt](https://veriport.io/llms-full.txt)