# Spain VAT number format

Source: https://veriport.io/vat-number-format/es (published 2026-10-28)

A Spain VAT identification number is the prefix ES followed by 9 characters; the first, the last or both are letters; ESB58378431 is a well-formed example. The national check digit is public, so a mistyped number is caught before VIES is asked. Structure as published in the Commission’s VIES FAQ, consulted 2026-10-24.

## Structure

Prefix `ES`, then 9 characters; the first, the last or both are letters. The regular expression the API applies to the part after the prefix is `^(?:[A-Z][0-9]{8}|[0-9]{8}[A-Z]|[A-Z][0-9]{7}[A-Z])$`; letters are upper-cased and spaces, dots and dashes removed before the test.

| Country prefix | Structure | Example | Public check digit |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES | 9 characters; the first, the last or both are letters | ESB58378431 | yes, verified before VIES |

## The check digit

Spain publishes the algorithm of its check digit, so an impossible number is refused before VIES is asked: the answer says `structure.checksum: "failed"`, costs nothing and reaches no upstream. The same algorithms are implemented by the open libraries (jsvat, python-stdnum).

## How to validate it

The structure says whether a string can be a Spain VAT number; only VIES says whether it is registered. The free check below asks VIES live and shows the registered name and address where Spain publishes them; the API does the same from your code.

```bash
curl "https://veriport.io/api/v1/vat/validate?number=ESB58378431"
```

## What a valid answer proves

That the number was registered for intra-EU trade at the moment of the check. Keep the date and, on paid tiers, the VIES consultation number: together they are the evidence a tax audit asks for when an intra-EU supply was zero-rated.

## Questions

### How many digits does a Spain VAT number have?

9 characters; the first, the last or both are letters, after the two-letter prefix ES: ESB58378431 is an example.

### Is ESB58378431 a real VAT number?

It is a well-formed example used in the documentation; whether it is registered today is VIES’s answer, not this page’s. Check it with the free tool.

## Read next

- [VAT number formats of every member state](https://veriport.io/vat-number-format)
- [Free VAT number check](https://veriport.io/tools/vat-number-check)
- [The VAT validation API](https://veriport.io/vat-validation-api)
- [VAT rates in Spain](https://veriport.io/vat-rates/es)
- [Spain IBAN format](https://veriport.io/iban-format/es)

## Sources

- VIES — VAT Information Exchange System: FAQ and VAT number structures (Q11) — https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/vies/#/faq (2026-10-24)
- VIES REST API — check-vat-number, check-status (technical information) — https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/vies/#/technical-information (2026-10-24)